Roughly the last several months, selected and scored for direct relevance to the Broken Promises investigation.
August 13, 2026
EVIDENCE UPDATE
Insurance & Access
KFF analysis: insurers deny 12–18% of prior authorization requests, most appeals never filed
A KFF analysis of prior-authorization metrics found denial rates of 12% for Medicare Advantage, 14% for Medicaid managed care, and 18% for ACA Marketplace plans, with wide variation by insurer. When patients do appeal — which is rare — a large share of denials are overturned: 67% in Medicare Advantage, 47% in Medicaid, 43% in ACA plans.
Why it matters
The gap between the denial rate and the appeal-overturn rate is the story: it suggests a meaningful share of initial denials aren't defensible on the merits, and that the real barrier is how few patients have the time or knowledge to appeal — a direct, current data point for the investigation's argument about insurance-driven delayed and denied care.
Related: Behind the System, Healthcare Financialization guide
July 14, 2026
POLICY CHANGE
Prescription Drugs
FTC settles antitrust case against CVS's Caremark over insulin rebate practices
The FTC settled its antitrust case against Caremark Rx and Zinc Health Services (CVS Health's PBM arm), alleging the company used rebate practices to keep insulin list prices artificially high while patients paid the cost out of pocket. The settlement requires Caremark to delink PBM fees from list prices, pass rebates through at the point of sale, and stop favoring higher-priced drugs — changes the FTC projects will save consumers $8.5 billion over ten years. It's the second major PBM to settle with the FTC in 2026, after Express Scripts in February.
Why it matters
This is the exact mechanism Before the Counter documents — PBMs profiting from the spread between list price and what patients actually pay. A federal antitrust settlement forcing one of the three dominant PBMs to unwind that structure, on the record, is a direct real-world confirmation of the investigation's central claim about drug pricing.
Related: Before the Counter, Prescription Drugs research guide, Bibliography — PBM section
Related book: Before the Counter
July 1, 2026
EVIDENCE UPDATE
Insurance & Access
CBO/KFF: projected Medicaid enrollment down 13%, spending down $503 billion since 2025 reconciliation law
A KFF analysis of CBO's updated baseline finds 2035 federal Medicaid spending now projected at $941 billion, versus $1.03 trillion before the 2025 reconciliation law — $503 billion lower over 2025–2035. Projected 2034 enrollment falls to 74 million, down 13% from the prior 85-million estimate, concentrated among ACA expansion adults (–5 million), children (–3 million), and other adults (–2 million). CBO separately estimates the law increases the uninsured population by 7.5 million in 2034.
Why it matters
This is the clearest current numerical picture of how the 2025 reconciliation law is reshaping Medicaid — not a projection at passage, but an updated one measured against real 2025 cost data. Coverage loss on this scale is squarely the kind of policy-to-patient chain the investigation tracks.
Related: Behind the System, Healthcare Reform Overview
June 2, 2026
POLICY CHANGE
Healthcare Financialization
FTC requires divestiture in Ascension Health–AmSurg outpatient surgery deal
The FTC required Ascension Health Alliance to divest seven ambulatory surgery centers as a condition of its $3.9 billion acquisition of AmSurg, after finding the deal would reduce competition for outpatient surgical services in five metro areas (Nashville, Panama City, Tulsa, Waco, and Wichita) and could raise prices for patients. Ascension also faces a 10-year requirement to notify the FTC before acquiring any ambulatory surgery centers in those markets.
Why it matters
A concrete, current instance of federal antitrust enforcement against the kind of vertical health-system consolidation Behind the System investigates — and a rare example of a structural remedy (forced divestiture) rather than just a lawsuit or a fine.
Related: Behind the System, Healthcare Financialization guide
April 21, 2026
DEVELOPMENT
Single-Payer & Reform
California's third single-payer bill dies without a committee hearing
Assemblymember Ash Kalra's CalCare bill (AB 1900) — his third single-payer attempt, backed by over 300 organizational endorsements and 25 legislative co-authors — died when the deadline for committee referral passed without a hearing. Legislative leadership pointed to the need to defend Medi-Cal against an estimated $30 billion in annual federal cuts instead. Kalra says he intends to try again in a future session.
Why it matters
A concrete, dated data point on the actual political feasibility of state-level single-payer — useful context for the trilogy's Toward a Recommended Model appendix and for any reader asking why this hasn't happened somewhere already.
Related: A Case for Single-Payer Healthcare, What Should Replace American Healthcare
February 9, 2026
EVIDENCE UPDATE
Patient Harm
Commonwealth Fund: over 400 rural hospitals now at risk of closing
A Commonwealth Fund explainer finds more than 400 rural hospitals — over 20% of all rural hospitals — at risk of closure, with nearly half already operating on negative or near-negative margins. Nearly 200 rural hospitals have closed fully or partially since 2005. The report warns that Medicaid work-requirement and redetermination changes could push 1.5 million rural Medicaid beneficiaries off coverage, compounding the strain.
Why it matters
Rural hospital closures are one of the most direct, measurable forms of patient harm the investigation tracks — fewer facilities means longer travel times for emergency and obstetric care, and this update quantifies how much worse it could get from policy changes already in motion.
Related: Behind the System
February 3, 2026
POLICY CHANGE
Prescription Drugs
Congress reforms PBM compensation nationally, signed into law
As part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 (H.R. 7148), Congress enacted federal PBM reform for Medicare Part D: PBMs must be paid flat administrative fees instead of rebate-linked compensation, 100% of rebates and fees must pass through to payers, and PBMs face new semiannual reporting requirements on drug spending, rebates, spread pricing, and formulary decisions. CMS gained enforcement authority with monetary penalties.
Why it matters
The single biggest legislative change to the PBM rebate system the investigation has tracked — federal law now directly targets the spread-pricing and rebate-capture mechanics Before the Counter spends its middle chapters on. Preliminary note: enforcement and real-world price effects will take time to show up in the data.
Related: Before the Counter, Prescription Drugs research guide
Related book: Before the Counter